Key Research Findings

Our analysis of faculty compensation data reveals important trends in academic labor markets, including wage growth patterns, field premiums, and institutional variation.

Finding 1: Nominal vs. Real Wage Growth

While nominal faculty salaries have increased steadily since 1987, real wages (adjusted for inflation) show more modest growth. The divergence became particularly pronounced after 2008, suggesting that salary growth has not kept pace with inflation in recent years.

Figure 1: Faculty Salary Trends (1987-2025)

Nominal salaries vs. real salaries adjusted to 2019 dollars

Key Insight: Real wages have grown by approximately 15% over the 38-year period, while nominal wages have increased by over 200%. This highlights the importance of inflation adjustment in understanding faculty compensation trends.

Finding 2: Substantial Field Premiums in Business Disciplines

Faculty in Finance, Accounting, and Economics command significant salary premiums compared to other fields. These premiums are driven by competitive outside options in the private sector and reflect the market value of field-specific human capital.

Figure 2: Average Salary by Field (Full Professors, 2025)

Comparing mean salaries across business disciplines

Estimated Field Premiums (vs. baseline)

FieldPremiumStd. Error

Finding 3: Increasing Wage Dispersion

The distribution of faculty salaries has become increasingly dispersed over time, with growing inequality both within and between fields. This reflects the rising importance of market forces and the differentiation of academic labor markets.

Figure 3: Distribution of Faculty Salaries (2025)

Histogram showing the frequency distribution of salaries

90/10 Ratio
2.8
90th percentile / 10th percentile
Gini Coefficient
0.32
Measure of inequality (0-1)
Coefficient of Variation
0.45
Std. dev. / mean

Finding 4: Institutional Heterogeneity

Significant variation exists across institutions, even after controlling for field and rank. Top-ranked research universities pay substantial premiums, while regional institutions often struggle to remain competitive.

Key Factors Driving Variation:

  • University prestige and research ranking
  • Geographic location and cost of living
  • Public vs. private institution status
  • Endowment size and financial resources
  • State funding levels (for public universities)

Implications:

  • Difficulty in retaining top talent at lower-ranked institutions
  • Potential sorting of faculty by ability and productivity
  • Geographic clustering of high-earning academics
  • Growing stratification in higher education

Policy Implications

For Universities

  • • Develop competitive compensation strategies by field
  • • Consider total compensation packages beyond base salary
  • • Address equity concerns within and across departments
  • • Monitor market conditions and peer institutions

For Policymakers

  • • Ensure adequate public funding for higher education
  • • Address growing stratification across institutions
  • • Consider policies to support regional universities
  • • Promote transparency in academic compensation